About Cloning

         First of all ethical issues are shaping our life even though we agree or disagree. Cloning is very dangerous issue because it causes to immortality which is against living organisms' nature. There are two type of cloning; reproductive and therapeutic cloning. These type of clonings are very different from each other. Cloning should use for benefit of living organisms. Otherwise it is going to be against natural balance.
         Scientist clonned Dolly as a copy of entire sheep and they observe the results. That's done. Finish. They got the data that is necessary for the research. If they did not. They can do another clon. But if it is necessary for science. I cannot agree with reproductive cloning if it is making because of dangerous goals (which we can see in horror movies. Even though Ms. Deo feel boring :) while she was watching the movie "the island" it will be very beneficial to understand the bad effects of cloning). Naturally, embryo s are created only for reproduction and many people believe that using them for experiments is unnaturel and wrong. I am not against therapeutic cloning because it can be used to cure the individuals. If this type of cloning improve organ transplantation will decrease and individuals can get an original organ transplanation. It would be very beneficial for people who are suffering because of cancer.

Human Genome Project

Human Genome Project is a project that is very beneficial to determine the functions of some genomes (order of the bases). It can help to prevent some disease especially autosomal, because it is easy to find out. Some people claim that we are all the same and some of them claim that we are all different. To my opinion even though we have very similar genomes we are not same because of the different order of bases. These very little differences cause different characteristics to every individual. Individuality comes from differences in each person. For example twins are very obvious example of a different individuals. Maybe they seem very similar but they have different characteristics that make them individuals.

About the Karytotyping (Green World Connection Box)

To my opinion, parents of a baby should decide the future of their child. In some countries, before the birth, mothers get a karyotype to check if there any missing or additional chromosome on their child to make the child sick or different from others.Governments should support the karyotype check but not by the laws, because there would be many people that cannot do the karyotype test (remember how expensive is the test). And I think governments should commit the karyotype check fee of expectant mothers over a certain age. These women should do the check because they are under the risk group. There are many people on the earth and these people should be more qualified. I did not mean that the people that have 45 or 47 chromosome are poor in quality but they are not normal people. On the view of these "anormal" people, life is very hard. It is impossible to live confortable. If one government were to make karyotyping illegal, expectant mother should travel to another country to have a karyotype done, because parents are responsible for preparing their child's life.

Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria

Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is occur in hemoglobin molecules. Some of us have inherited mutated DNA that contains the wrong matched codon. Malaria is a disease that is very common in Africa and spread from the mosquitos. The gene that cause sickle cell anemia provide advantage for the malaria. But if this gene come both from your parents you will be suffering from the sickle cell anemia. If you have just one gene you are carrier and you will be protected from the disease malaria and sickle cell anemia. It is a chance and it is an example of natural selection. This mutated gene carrying by the offsprings. It is a correlation without causation because this gene is just a chance to provide the disease.

Balance Between Protecting Nature and Protecting the Livelihoods of People

Nature is the mother of living organisms. No one or no living organisms are more important than the nature. Humans should protect nature more than they do today. Many people do not give sufficient importance and value to nature. Of course human needs are very important to survive. For example building new hospitals, schools, cutting down trees, burning fossil fuels, using pesticides for agriculture and building farms, etc. These type of human needs are forming by destroying the nature. It is not acceptable. Nobody must not agree this situation. These human needs should be done by the professionels. And these professionals have to respect to the nature and reach the balance point between protecting natyre and protecting the livelihoods of people.

About the Measurement of Biomass

Measuring biomass should be make differently because it destroys trees and vegetations. It is not logical and it is not ethical. Even though measuring biomass is very important for the counting of plants and animals it is very destructive. I think humans should develop new tecniques to give less damage for the plants and vegetations. Nobody can damage the trees and forests because measuring biomass is unethical. And they should be punished by the governments.

UNESCO Symposium (Following Explanation)

I want to say that sun effects the skin color of humans. It causes some changes in the genetic characteristics of humans. Sun cause some differences in skin color indirectly. I did not mean that "if someone from Africa with dark skin moves to Sweeden, he or she will end up having very light skin." Human races have some differences in the genetic information but it is not significant this is because of the natural events.